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DISCOURSE 

DELIVERED JAN. 5, 1816, 

IN THE BRICK MEETING HOUSE IN DANVERS, 

AT THE INTERMENT OF THE 

l^onoralJle Samuel I^olten, 

WHO DEPARTED THIS LIFE 

JANUARY 2, A. D. 1816, IN THE 78TH YEAR OF HIS AGE. 



BY BENJAMIN WADSWORTH, A. M. 

PASTOR OF THE FIRST CHURCH IN DANVERS. 



'* The righteous shall be in everlasting remembrance." Psalmist. 
" Help, Lord, for the godly man ceaseth; for the faithful fail from among the 
children of men." Psalmist. 



PufaUjGff)eb lip retjue^t* 
ANDOVER : 

PRINTED BY FLAGG AND GOULD. 
1816. 






/-^3 ^3^ 

'/ 



J^ The just of blessed memory. 



i 



FUNERAL DISCOURSE. 



PROVERBS, 

GhAP. X. PARI' OF VER. 7.— THE MEMORY OF THE JUST IS BLESSED. 

Ijharacters distinguished by public usefulness and 
private virtues, are not only entitled to respect and es- 
teem while actors upon the stage ; but deserve to have 
their names transmitted with honour to posterity. This 
is equally a tribute of justice to the dead, and of benevo- 
lence to the living. The general eulogy in our text ou 
true dignity and worth of character, expresses the genuine 
sentiment of nature, and meets the concurring voice of 
mankind in all ages. It was pronounced by king Solo- 
mon, tlie ancient oracle of wisdom, who, as a man, was a 
superior judge of the w^orld and human nature ; as a. good 
man, was upright and impartial in his judgment ; as ele- 
vated in station, had special opportunity to know and dis- 
tinguish characters ; and as an inspired penman, wrote 
under an immediate divine influence. He did not lavish 
empty panegyric indiscriminately on great and splendid 
talents, on worldly wealth and magnificence, or on heroic 
achievements. Good qualities and worthy deeds were his 
object. Wisdom, virtue, and piety possess charms his 
noble soul was formed to feel, and knew how to appre- 
ciate. These attracted his attention, and secured his con- 
fidence. Entertaining an aifectionate veneration for real 
excellence, the virtuous and pious he esteemed and pat- 



ronised while living ; and when vetued to the silent 
shades, proclaimed their memory hlesscd. He was no 
stranger himself to the laudable impulse the love of fame 
naturally excites, nor would he withhold the grateful ac- 
knowledgment due to departed worth. 

" The memory of the just is blessed." 

Being assembled to pay our last respects to the remains 
of an early patriot^ a steady friend of religion, and dk. faith- 
ful servant to his country ; while our feelings correspond 
with the mournful scene, may our minds be open to the 
important and interesting instructions, which these words 
and the solemnity of the occasion imj)ressively inculcate. 

Contemplations upon the general law of mortality, on 
which the declaration in our text is founded — upon the 
character there designated — and upon the justness and 
propriety of the posthumous honor predicated of that char- 
acter, will naturally lead to appropriate reflections. 

The general laiv of mortality claims our first attention. 
That this is the foundation, on which the declaration in 
our text rests, appears evident ; for the recollection of 
friends implies their absence, and in the connexion there 
intended, their removal by death. Immortality seems the 
dignified state originally designed for man ; but upon his 
apostasy, " dust to dust'^ was his Maker's righteous 
doom. The seeds of death are interwoven with his fjillen 
nature. Ever since sin entered this world, it has been 
the region of death's reign. During the long period of 
almost six thousand years, generations have succeeded 
generations. With tvio exceptions only, to answer 
special purposes in providence, the history of mankind 
furnishes one continued series of mortality. — But we 
are not confined to the records of ages past to prove man 
mortal ; frequent and painful ohservatiov evinces the sad 
truth. Friends are daily leaving friends to mourn. This 



is the common condition upon which the tender ties oi' 
friendship are formed. Whose heart never felt the sep- 
arating pang ? Whose eye never paid the parting tribute 
of tears ? Dying and deceased friends preach human 
frailty vv^ith woful eloquence. This melting rhetoric who 
can withstand ? Happy when it seals divine instruction 
to the heart. — In others we only see a picture of death ; 
we must self-apply the interesting scene, as we would 
bring home the soleinn reality to our own hearts. It is not 
more certain, that others are gone before than that we shall 
follow. To them life was as sweet and death as terrible, 
as they are to us : but prepared or unprepared, when the 
summons came they must obey. In vain do we expect an 
exclusive privilege. The case admits no compromise, no 
ransom. Thin is the partition between this world and 
another. Where time ends eternity begins. Experience 
will soon teach us what it is to have the vital tie dissolved 
and try the world of spirits ; and how often do diseases, 
disasters and infirmities give the friendly admonition ! — 
The infallible oracle adds its sanction and assures us, that 
*^ it is appointed unto men once to die." As extensive as 
human depravity is found, the sentence applies. He that 
is born is born to die, or pass a change equivalent. Nor 
was it the design of the great Restorer of man to procure 
an exemption, even for his friends. To them the sting of 
death is indeed taken away ; but their bodies must see 
corruption. The king of terrours pays no higher compli- 
ment to the palace than to the cottage. But though '^' there 
is no discharge in that war,*' there are important dis- 
tinctions in the human composition, and in personal char- 
acter. Is man mortal ? He is immortal too. When " the 
dust returns to the earth as it was, the spirit returns unto 
God who gave it." Death opens the door to all out of 
time into the eternal world. To the finally impenitent and 
disobedient it opens into the regions of everlasting wo ; 



6 

but to the pious auil good into tlic ineffable joys and glo- 
ries of paradise, where " mortality is swallowed up of 

life." 

These observations lead us to attend to the character 
designated by the general terra just. In an absolute 
sense it imports complete moral rectitude of heart and life, 
or a sinless conformity to the law of God. On this scale 
of perfection, the character is not to be found among mor- 
tals ; "for there is not a just man upon earth that doeth 
good and sinneth not." In a restricted sense, the term 
implies honesty and sincerity, in opposition to the arts of 
fraud and dissimulation. And in evangelical style, a just 
man is one who is '^ justitied by faith through the redemp- 
tion that is in Jesus Clirist." — The wise man no doubt 
intended a truly religious character ; the man who pos- 
sesses a vital principle of piety, and leads a holy life ; 
the good man, who loves God supremely and mankind 
sincerely, and who maintains a noble superiority of mind 
above avarice, vain ambition, and delusive pleasures, and 
supports an exemplary uniformity of conduct, whether 
called to move in the private walks, or on the public stage 
of life. His principles accord with the spirit, his faith 
with the doctrines, and his practice with the precepts of 
our holy religion. 

In the essential trait of real goodness of lieart, or a ren- 
ovated temiier, the religious woithies of every age harmo- 
nize ; but as each individual has a set of relations, con- 
nexions, obligations and trials peculiar to his own situa- 
tion and sphere of action, they exhihit a great diversity of 
example. In some, one prominent excellence stands con- 
fessed ; and in others, another. Some we aduiire for su- 
periority of talents, and some for wisdom and prudence, 
hospitality and benevolence. Here we are struck with 
the great, there charmed with the lovely. Now we be- 
hold the brilliant, and now the penetrating genius. Some 



are formed to plan, others to carry into eifect ; all service- 
able in their respective stations, and all conducive to the 
improvement and happiness of the great moral whole. 
But the good man, in whatever attitude and under what 
circumstances soever we view him, is the good man still. 
He is the true penitent, the humble believer in Jesus, and 
the practical christian. 

Unfeigned pietij glows in his heart. He entertains a 
sacred veneration and aifection for God, for his character, 
law and government, and for his word and ordinances. 
Having his treasure in heaven, he habituates his mind to 
spiritual and divine meditations ; and knowing that the 
formalities of religion are but empty ceremonies without 
the heart, he worships in spirit and in truth, living near 
to God, and walking humbly with him. The Lord's day 
he conscientiously observes, improving it as a holy rest. 
And the house of God, the domestic circle, and his closet 
witness the constancy and fervour of his devotions. 

But his religion is not confined to the exercises of piety ; 
it extends to moral duties universally. Love to our neigh- 
bour is enjoined by the same authority as love to God. 
These are but different branches of the same great law of 
love. Piety is the true principle of christian morality. 
His virtues flow from the heart. The subtil arts of in- 
trigue and deceit, injustice and hypocrisy he despises and 
abominates ; and practises upon the established principles 
of truth and righteousness, integrity and fidelity, carefully 
observing this golden rule of our Lord. " As ye would 
that men should do to you, do ye also to them likewise.'* 

The meek, the gentle and benevolent virtues stand con- 
centrated in his life. Envy, malice and revenge find no 
harbour in his breast ; his endeavour is to copy the amia- 
ble example of Christ. He is " an Israelite indeed." 
His heart delights in acts of kindness ; his tongue is a 
stranger to slander and falsehood. Sobriety marks his 



8 

steps, and temperance crowus his board. Appetites and 
passions he restrains within the honnds of reason ; and 
christian charity disposes him to make proper allowances 
for human failings. Humility sheds a lustre round all 
his virtues. Patient and contented with his lot, he passes 
the various changes of life with true magnanimity, devout- 
ly acknowledging the hand of providence and cheerfully 
acquiescing in the will of his heavenly Father. The ad- 
vancement of the divine glory, the interests of religion, 
and the happiness of mankind lie near his heart, and his 
sincere desire is to do all the good in his power, that when 
he leaves the world, it may he the better for the part he 
has acted in it. 

The relative and domestic virtues unite to exalt, em- 
bellish, and endear the good man's character. In all the 
near connexions in life, he is not unmindful of the corres- 
ponding tender feelings and kind offices. Is he a son P 
He becomes a pattern of iilial affection, reverence, and 
obedience. Is he a husband? He is provident, true and 
faithful. Is he a father ? He consults the best interests 
of his children, both for this life and another. Is he a 
master P His commands are reasonable, and authority he 
tempers with mildness. Is he a neighbour P The law of 
kindness is in his heart and on his tongue, and he is ever 
ready to acts of benevolence. Is he a professed friend P 
He is sincere in his pretensions, steady in his attachments 
and faitliful in advice and reproof. 

He is likewise the good citizen and valuable member of 
society. Knowing religion does not require a gloomy 
temper, nor a solitary retreat from the world, he enjoys 
the social circle of friends with christian cheerfulness, 
equally desirous of receiving and imparting useful instruc- 
tion. Tlie welfare of the society with which he is par- 
ticularly connected, attracts his notice, and interests his 
feelings. Its just rights and privileges he espouses and 



vindicates, its honor defends, and he studies its peace and 
pi'osperity. If his circumstances in the worhl are moder- 
ate, and ratlier indigent ; he supplies their deficiency by 
industry and economy. If affluent ; he considers himself 
a steward and amenable, and his heart flows out in diflTu- 
sive beneficence. He is not wrapt up in self, but seeks the 
good of his fellow men. 

View him as a 'patriot, and he has a single eye to the 
best interests of his country. Amidst the confusion and 
perplexities attending revolutionary scenes, the collision 
of parties, and fluctuation of public opinion, he remains its 
firm friend. Uninfluenced by foreign powers, unawed by 
threats, unmoved by bribes, he embraces and pursues that 
system of politics, which he conceives most conducive to 
national peace, honor, and happiness, and esteems no la- 
bours too great to promote so good a cause. 

Contemplated in public life, his time and talents are 
devoted to the duties of his station. Whether called to 
officiate in the legislative, judicial or executive department, 
and whether in the commonwealth only, or on the great 
national scale, the fear of God is habitually before his 
eyes, and he remembers his final responsibility. 

Follow the good man through life ; and the more fully 
he is known, the higher his amiable qualities and virtu- 
ous deportment ingratiate him into the fine feelings of the 
heart. Where do we find on earth a more excellent char- 
acter ? But perfection is not predicable of frail humanity. 
Conscious failings and infirmities clothe him with peniten- 
tial humility, and direct him daily to that precious blood, 
which cleanseth from all sin. But though imperfect, he 
maintains a general consistency and regularity of charac- 
ter, in all stations high and low, in all conditions prosper- 
ous and adverse, and in all relations and connexions. 

Having lived his day and fulfilled the work assigned 
him, behold him drawing near the close of life. And in 



proportion to the strength of his faith and brightness of hid 
evidences arc his supports and consolations. But what- 
ever shades of doubt and fear a humble sense of past de- 
ficiencies may occasion, liis state is safe, his end happy. 
He dies in peace vv^ith God and man, and sleeps in Jesus. 
Free from those bitter reflections and tormenting forebod- 
ings, which a life filled up with sin and vanity naturally 
awakens, a consciousness of evangelical sincerity and up- 
rightness must afford sweet complacency ; and while the 
eye of faith fixes on his glorious Saviour, he may smile a 
cheerful farewell to the world he leaves behind, and anti- 
cipate the bliss of heaven. ^' Mark tiie perfect man, and 
behold the upright ; for the end of that man is peace," 

And could we accompany the unimbodied sjiint, encir^ 
eled by a convoy of ministering angels, wafting it home to 
paradise ; O the briglit scenes ! the ineflable joys I the 
transporting prospects ! Bnt we must put off these clayey 
tabernacles, before we can know the blessed reality. An 
impenetrable vail kindly conceals the celestial glories from 
eyes of sense, lest they should emblazon our feeble optics 
to darkness, or create such an ardent desire to enjoy them, 
as would incapacitate for the remaining duties of life. 

From these strokes in tlie character under consideration, 
we proceed to show the justness and froitviety of the 
posthumous honor predicated of it in the text. '' The 
memory of the just is blessed." The general expression 
seems to import, that the names, the virtues, and the good 
services of those, who have done worthily in their day, 
should be duly appreciated, recognised with gratitude, 
spoken of with applause, enrolled in the bright records of 
fame, propounded for imitation and transmitted to suc- 
ceeding generations with tokens of respect and approba- 
tion. To perpetual oblivion let illustrious wretches and 
haughty tyrants, those enemies of God and man, who have 
but too often been ranked on the list of honor, be consign- 



11 

e<], or reeoUected only with merited infamy as warnings 
to others to shun their crimes. But with one consent let 
those bright luminaries in the moral, political and reli- 
gious world, who have proved the friends of God and 
benefactors of mankind, pillars of church and state, ac- 
cording to their personal excellences and worthy deeds, 
be held in everlasting remembrance. Having been bless- 
ings to the world, it is but just that they should descend 
to the grave with the world's blessing. 

This accords with the presentiment a laudable love of 
fame inspires — with the voice of reason — with the practice 
of mankind in all ages — and with the language of sacred 
tvrit. 

The desire and expectation of a blessed memory seem 
involved in a laiidaUe love of fame. This love implies a 
sincere regard for personal character, a tender concern for 
reputation, and a wish to convey a good name to posterity; 
and it is a natural principle or affection deeply rooted in 
the human constitution. Originally it was implanted for 
"wise and valuable purposes ; and like other passions is 
productive of happy effects when duly regulated and im- 
proved. It is a powerful preservative against vicious 
habits and infamous practices, and a stimulating motive to 
noble actions. Purer and more sublime consideration?, 
such as the glory of God, and good of mankind, give the 
principal spring to the christian ; but who is an entire 
stranger to its animating influence? We may judge of it 
hy its fruits. It has effected wonders, fired the latent 
spark of genius, roused many a lethargic soul to exertion, 
opened the hand of charity, and no doubt founded many 
useful institutions. How many able statesmen, philoso- 
phers, poets, and heroes owe much of their greatness to 
this secret impulse ! What man ever wished to have his 
name buried in oblivion, until the baseness of liis character 
had doomed it to infamy ? Nature feels a pleasure in the 



13 

anticipation, and virtue inspires a hope of affectionate re- 
membrance after (leatli. What are these presages, but 
the Creator's impress ? Various causes, such as opposite 
views and militating interests, an envious disposition, a 
mixture of human frailties with shining qualities, the re- 
proof living virtue administers to vice, and competition for 
place, combine to detract from the acknowledgment due to 
worthy characters while in actual service, which cease to 
operate when life's drama is completed. When innocence 
and virtue lie under aspersions and set in a cloud, it is a 
consolation to think they will rise gloriously and shine 
at last in their native beauties. " A good name is rather 
to be chosen than great riches.'' This love of fame is an 
index in nature pointing out immortality to man. 

To bless the raemoiy of departed worth is a tribute 
reason requires. The great body of mankind move in 
humble sfheres and are scarcely known beyond a small 
circle of friends and acquaintance. They live in obscu- 
rity, and die in silence. Multitudes of such private chris- 
tians are ornaments to human nature, to society, and their 
profession, ximiable, pious, and exemplary, they are ad- 
mired and esteemed v»'hile living. Piety and virtue, 
whether in a cottage or on a throne, recommend themselves 
to our moral feelings and command respect. The heart 
approves, and the voice of reason applauds. When such 
retire to the grave, the unfeigned tear of affection embalms 
their memory ; and their precious names and good coun- 
sels are often mentioned with endearing emotions. Remote 
descendants glory in such ancestors, and call them bless- 
ed. — To the lot of but a comparative few it falls to fill 
elevated stations and act a conspicuous part on the open 
theatre of public life. On such all eyes are fixed, and 
their motions are carefully watched. When they support 
true dignity, and faithfully discharge the duties of their 
respective offices ; it is ])ut right, that the public mind 



i3 

ishonld be alive to testimonials of praise. Let traitors and 
enemies to their country be stigmatized with the disgrace 
they have merited ; but friends of humanity, generous 
benefactors, and those who have rescued their country 
from meditated subjugation by their wisdom, inflexible 
virtue, and persevering exertions, deserve their country's 
gratitude and esteem, living, dying, and dead. 

From this language of reason, let us advert to the prac- 
tice of mankind in all past ages. And notwithstanding 
the great diversity of sentiments, customs and religions, 
which have prevailed in the world, all nations, according 
to their modes of estimating characters, have endeavoured 
to immortalize the memory of the illustrious and renowned 
in their day. Wherever we trace the historic page, we 
find the names and valiant exploits of such recorded with 
marks of honor. Thousands must have been obliterated 
and lost in the lapse of time and revolutions of kingdoms 
and empires ; but where is the nation but boasts its list of 
worthies ? Should we search the archives of Pagan coun- 
tries, w hether of ancient or modern date, what a famous 
catalogue of sages, w^arriors, and legislators would rise 
to view. Jewish writings furnish a continued succession 
of still more eminent and dignified characters. The fol- 
lowers of the Arabian impostor likewise boast of their 
great prophet, their caliphs, and men of bravery and skill. 
But the christian world has contributed most to swell the 
volume of fame. Thus that temjjle of honor has been fill- 
ing up, as time has rolled on ; and it will continue to in- 
crease, till time shall be no more. But never did a young 
republic make so large additions and figure so conspicu- 
ously there, as these United States. What an illustrious 
train of patriots, philosophers, heroes, and public benefac- 
tors grace the annals of this western world ! — Numerous 
are the methods which the ingenuity of man has devised 
to perpetuate the memory of the reputed worthies of sue- 



i4 

cessivc ages. AVitness the renowned monuments of an- 
tiquity, the mouldering pile, the inscrihed pillar or humhle 
stone, the sculptured marble, the animating pencil, and 
the poet's muse. But after the utmost labour of human 
art, time levels all such memorials with the dust. What 
is the praise of man to ^' the honor that comctli from God !" 
To the sacred oracles let us appeal ; and 

Honorable testimonials are there borne to the memory of 
deceased friends and those who have been distinguislied 
by faith and noble deeds. The patriarch Jacob erected a 
pillar upon the grave of his beloved Rachel, as a monu- 
mental token of affection. And books in commemoratioa 
of the characters, reign, and acts of kings, with remarka- 
ble occurrences and transactions were common among the 
Jews in ancient times. But what arc perishable materials 
to the approbation of God ? This is true glory. Be this 
our object. This stamps immortal dignity on character ; 
and " this honor have all the saints." Sacred writ re- 
tains the names, celebrates the virtues, and records the 
good deeds of a long catalogue of worthies, assuring us, 
that *' the righteous shall be in everlasting remembrance." 
Their memory is not only blessed on earth, but they are 
blessed in heaven. Tliere the true records of fame are 
preserved entire ; and there the names of all the pious 
worthies of every nation and clime are registered, as a 
perpetual memorial ; nor will their personal excellences 
and good works ever be forgotten. They, with the whole 
church of tlie redeemed, will forever constitute an honor- 
able society in the pure realms of light and glory, and 
receive a rich ^^ recompense of reward." Though their 
final acceptance with God be not on the ground of their 
own merit, but through the meritorious death and mediato- 
rial intercession of the lledeemer, the brilliancy of their 
crown of glory will bear proportion to their real excellence 
of cliaracter. <• Their works do follow them." The 



13 

piety, benevolence aud noble actions, which endeared them 
in this world, will ever reflect honor on their memory. 
Their " witness is in heaven/' and their ^^ record is on 
high.'' What is man's book of fame to " the Lamb's book 
of life ?" Human records are liable to be defaced, con- 
sumed, or lost ; but not that blest volume. It remains 
surer than the pillars of nature, and firmer than the foun- 
dations of the earth. Who that thirsts for true glory, but 
must devoutly wish to be enrolled there with the company 
of patriarchs, prophets, apostles, and those excellent char- 
acters, which have proved examples of true piety and vir- 
tue, ornaments to humanity, and blessings in their day ? 
When this terraqueous globe, with the elementary heavens 
which encircle it, shall be wrapt in one general conflagra- 
tion, their unjust censures will all be wiped off, and hav- 
ing ^' their robes washed and made white in the blood of 
the Lamb," their names will forever stand in " the book 
of life," aud be held in perpetual respect and esteem in 
the everlasting kingdom of our Lord. Angels will ap- 
plaud while the supreme Judge, in the presence of the 
whole assembled universe proclaims, " Come, ye blessed 
of ray Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from 
the foundation of the world." 

This train of meditation naturally leads to reflections 
appropriate to the present mournful occasion^ and with 
the solemnly affecting ensigns of mortality before us. 

How impressively does this sulyect teach, that neither 
greatness, goodness, nor usefulness is any security against 
the arrest of the king of terrors. However exalted the 
rank, or honorable the office, how wealthy or wise, how 
pious, benevolent and exemplary soever, though gods 
on earth, all must die like men. "' The fathers, where 
are they ? and the prophets," and worthies of all form- 
er ages ? '^ J3o they live forever ?" Mortality is the 
motto sin has inscribed on fallen humanity. "'• The graven 



16 

is the house appointed for all living." But blessetl be 
God, Christ is " the resurrection and the life." 

When public characters prove true friends to tlieir 
country, and render it essential services, their removal by 
death is sensibly felt, and deeply lamented. The greater 
their sphere of usefulness and the richer blessings they 
>vere living, the heavier the separating stroke. Not their 
families and immediate connexions only, but society and 
the community participate tlie loss and mingle sympathies. 
When piety, virtue and talents withdraw, the impoverish- 
ed world mourns. 

To heaven let the dependant eye be directed for a sue- 
cession of able and faitliful men to guide the helm of pub- 
lic affairs, and fill the various offices of state. *^ When 
the righteous are in authority the people rejoice; but when 
the wicked beareth rule, the people mourn." Great is the 
influence of example in high rank and power to renovate 
or demoralize tlie public manners. Happy for a society, 
a nation, a country, when their leading cliaracters are 
men of religion as well as talents. When God has judg- 
ments to inflict on a people, how often do wicked men rise 
to power ! But when blessings are in store, he raises up 
and employs suitable instruments. For this however he 
will be " inquired of to do it for them." " Help, Lord, 
for the godly man ceaseth, and the faithful fail." 

With united voice let American citizens bless the mem- 
ory of those civil and political fathers and heroic sons, 
who were the principal instruments, under Providence, of 
obtaining and establishing our national independence. 
Not to acknowledge the arduous and honorable part they 
acted for God and their country, would be base ingrati- 
tude ; and not to transmit to future ages with due respect 
their names and services, would be undervaluing merit. 
Posterity ought to know their benefactors. Living exam- 
ples abound in useful instructions to contemporaries ; it is 



i7 

the pen of biographers and historians that preserves their 
memory from oblivion, and stamps a kind of immortality 
on their well earned honors. What mingled emotions of 
veneration and esteem rise within, when we read and re- 
flect upon the great, the wise and good of former times I 
But when we descend to our own country, and take a 
retrospective view of the late American revolution, a 
bright constellation of modern worthies crowds upon our 
recollection. The greater part by far of these distinguished 
friends of the rights and liberties of man, have dropt the 
Mantle of mortality. They lived not for themselves only, 
but for their country, for posterity and the world. Peace 
to their ashes, and a blessing on their memory. Let chil- 
dren's children learn to lisp their names, rehearse their 
valiant deeds, and transcribe their virtues. 

On this patriotic list shines the late Honorable Judge 
HoLTfiN. To eulogize characters from this sacred desk, 
has not indeed been my usual practice ; but when a man 
of such public usefulness, exemplary deportment, and 
universal esteem quits this mortal stage, it is but a just 
tribute to acknowledged worth, to collect from the best 
documents in our power and recount some of the leading 
traits and honorary gradations of his life. The greatest 
geniuses and most brilliant talents do not always deserve 
the highest applause. It is the most eminently and ex- 
tensively useful to whom the world is most indebted, and 
who justly bear off the laurels. And rarely with his pri- 
vate education and small advantages in early life, do we 
find a man rise to so many posts of honor, fill so many 
important stations, and acquit himself to such general sat- 
isfaction as the subject of these memoirs. As the relation 
of minute occurrences and events in the lives of deceased 
friends affords a secret pleasure and lessons of instruction 
to those who survive, tending to enkindle a spirit of emu- 



18 

lation, it will not in this instance be deemed an impropriety 
to descend to particulars. 

Samuel Holten was born of respectable parents, in 
that part of Salem, long known by the name of Salem 
Village, June 9, a. d. 1/38. His ancestors rank among 
the early settlers of that ancient town. Nature was kind 
and liberal in her endowments. His form was majestic, 
his person graceful, his countenance pleasing, his manners 
easy and engaging, his address courtly, his talents popu- 
lar, his disposition amiable and benevolent, and he pos- 
sessed good intellectual powers. 

His father, having no other son, early intended to give 
him a collegiate education. He was accordingly, at eight 
years of age, placed in the family of the Rev. Mr. Clark; 
but at twelve he was visited with a dangerous indisposi- 
tion, which greatly enfeebled his constitution and impair- 
ed his hearing — a serious misfortune that attended him 
through life. Unable to pursue his classical studies, he 
relinquished the favourite object ; but regretted ever after 
the mortifying disappointment. 

Health being at length in some measiu-e restored, he 
turned his attention to the healing art. So intense was 
his application, and so rapid the progress he made in that 
branch of science, that before he had arrived at the age of 
eighteen, the physician, under wliose direction he studied, 
pronounced him well qualified for the practice both of 
physic and surgery. In his nineteenth year, he com- 
menced an acceptable jpractitioner in Gloucester ; but in 
less than two years after, at the solicitation of his father 
and friends, he returned to the place of his nativity, where 
with growing reputation he continued to practise in his 
profession, as his public engagements would admit, six- 
teen years. 

A character unblemished and a deportment so ingra- 
tiating stole upon the aiFections and obtained the confi- 



19 

<leiu',e of the people. He had not reached the age of thir- 
ty when the town of Danvers^ testified their high sense of 
his abilities, by electing him their Hepresentative in the 
Greneral Court, and constituting him their Agent in an un- 
happy dispute depending between said town and some of 
its inhabitants. The cause he managed with so much 
skill and address as to obtain at length a final settlement 
by an act of the legislature, which met the unanimous ap- 
probation of all parties. From that time we may date the 
united voice of the town in his favor. 

In 1768, being tlie first year doctor Holten held a seat 
in the General Court, he signalized himself as a son of 
lihp.rty by appertaining to the non-rescinding number of 
ninety two. The difficulties subsisting between the par- 
ent country and her American Colonies from that time 
assumed a more alarming aspect. Political fermentations 
in the public mind indicated the approach of revolutionary 
scenes. A nobly decided part he took in behalf of his 
country, and became a very active and influential charac- 
ter through the w hole of the ensuing revolution. He was 
a member of the Provincial Convention, which was in ses- 
sion when the British troops first landed in Boston ; and 
a member and one of the committee of the convention in 
the county of Essex. Highly electrified by the spirit of 
the times, few men were more zealously engaged in the 
common cause, or more constantly employed on important 
services preliminary to the freedom and sovereignty of our 
country. 

In the memorable year 177^ the revolutionary war com- 
menced. Consternation seized the people ; gloomy was 
the prospect, and doubtful the issue. The question was, 
Shall Americans be freemen, or slaves ? For these infant 

* That part of Salem called Salem Village was included in an in- 
corporating act of the Legislature by the name of Danvers, June 16, 

1757. 



and defenceless colonies to contend with the parent coun- 
try, one of the most powerful nations on earth, looked like 
presumption ; and tamely to resign their liberties, their 
birthright, without a struggle, was unworthy the descend- 
ants of their noble ancestors. But petitions and remon- 
strances having been tried in vain, these were the only 
alternatives. The spark of liberty enkindled to a flame, 
and spread through every province. At that momentous 
crisis which " tried men's souls," doctor Holten ranks 
among those venerable patriots, wlio courageously stepped 
forward at their country's call, and risked their lives and 
fortunes to save its sinking liberties. Public exigences 
being very pressing, about this time, he relinquished his 
medical profession entirely and all private business, and 
became wholly devoted to the service of his country. He 
Avas chosen first Major of the first Regiment in Essex, 
though he had never before been in the military line. A 
seat he held as a representative from Danvers in the pro- 
vincial congress at Watertown, and was appointed one of 
the committee of safety. When the provisional govern- 
ment of Massachusetts was organized, he was constituted 
one of the executive council. 

In 1776, when Independence was declared, he took his 
seat as one of the judges of the court of common pleas for 
his native county, and performed the duties of that oflBce 
about thirty two years, presiding half that time. He was 
justice of the court of general sessions of the peace thirty 
five years, and chief justice of the same fifteen. A com- 
mission he held as justice of the peace and of the quorum 
nearly forty years. 

In 1777? Judge Holten was one of the delegates from 
Massachusetts, who assisted in framing the Confederation 
of the United States at York Town. The ensuing year 
he was for the first time cliosen a delegate in the Ameri- 
can Congress, and annexed his ratifying signature to that 



Constitution of government. His name was likewise af- 
fixed to a cession of a part of the territory of Massachu- 
setts to congress. Repeated elections occasioned so long 
a continuance in the southern climate as very sensibly to 
aifect his constitution. He was one of the delegates in 
congress at that critical time when the legislature of Mas- 
sachusetts vested in any two of them unlimited power, 
pledging themselves to ratify whatever they should accede 
to or transact. And so high did he stand in the esteem 
of that august body, that they elected him President of 
Congress, and thus promoted him to the first seat of honor 
in his country. 

He was chosen one of the convention which formed our 
State Constitution, adopted in 178O ; but being in con- 
gress, he was necessarily prevented attending that service. 
At that dark period in the revolution, when public credit 
had nearly failed, and there was reason to fear the army 
would quit tlie field and return home, he was one of the 
committee which planned the new emission paper curren- 
cy, as the last expedient and only hope of saving the 
country ; and which happily proved successful, by reviv- 
ing its sinking credit. — In 178I he was elected in the 
county of Essex as a Senator ; and when the State Gov- 
ernment was organized, he was advanced by the general 
court to the executive council. To these stations he was 
reelected several succeeding years. For more than a year 
doctor Holten was the only medical character in congress : 
and to him was committed the charge of the medical de- 
partment in the army. 

In 1783 the great object of peace and Independence was 
obtained. But new difficulties arose on disbanding the 
army. He held a seat in congress at that time, and was 
present when the house where they were in session was 
surrounded with armed soldiers, imperiously demanding 
compensation for their services before they retired to their 



as 

respective homes. He ami several other memhers, with 
their lives in their hand, ventured among them, attempting 
by reason and argument to pacify their minds and quell 
the tumult. But so violent and outrageous were they, 
that with bayonets pointed at their breasts for several 
hours, they loaded them with execrations and threatened 
immediately to sacrifice them, unless they would grant 
their request. At length however they were prevailed 
with to desist and rest the issue. — Points of honor and 
matters of etiquette attracted his particular attention. 
When the first minister of state was received by congress 
from the United Netherlands, he was appointed to con- 
duct the business as master of the ceremonies. 

In 1787 he was part of the time a representative in the 
general court, and the other part a member in congress. 
The next year, when the Federal Constitution was sub- 
mitted to the people, he was one of the delegates in the 
convention of this State, which adopted that excellent 
plan of republican government.— In 1793 and the ensuing 
year. Judge Holtcn, by the suffrages of the district, includ- 
ing the counties of Essex, Suffolk, and Middlesex, was 
delegated a representative to congress. — Twice he was 
appointed an elector of president and vice-president. — 
He and several other gentlemen were incorporated into 
" the Massachusetts Medical Society," of which he was 
a counsellor, and a vice-president ; and likewise into an 
"Agricultural Society." He was a member of the Humane 
Society ; and was admitted an honorable member of the 
Bristol Medical Society. Tliough he made no pretensions 
to the liberal arts and sciences, and never attempted to 
shine in the republic of letters, he was a steady friend to 
civil, religious, and literary institutions, ever consulting 
and promoting their best interests. 

In 1811, when the court of sessions was organized on a 
new ylan, he was appointed chief justice ; which office. 



by the advice of his friends, solely from a regard to the 
public good, he accepted ; but after adjusting the necessa- 
ry forms, and regulating its proceedings, he resigned. 

An invariable attachment he ever manifested to the 
rights, liberties, and true interests of his native country ; 
and generally took a decided part in the public debates, 
when these were depending. Should the secret journals 
of congress in revolutionary times be published, his char- 
acter will be more fully developed ; but enrolled in the 
archives of America, his name will be handed down to 
posterity with the celebrated names of his cotemporary 
patriots, crowned with immortal honor. 

Being naturally active and diligent, always desirous of 
doing good, when he was not engaged in more important 
affairs abroad, he did not think it beneath him to attend to 
the business of the town and parish in which he lived. 
He served in the offices of selectman, town clerk, assessor, 
and committee of safety. Twenty four years he was town 
treasurer ; and treasurer of the parish about half a cen- 
tury, for which last service he wished and received no 
other compensation than their nuited approbation. — Pos- 
sessing a happy talent at healing breaches and settling 
private differences, he was frequently employed as an 
•Arbitrator in difficult cases^ and occasionally attended 
ecclesiastical councils. 

Having been elected eiglit years as a representative in 
the general court, five in the senate, twelve in the council, 
five in congress as a representative under the confederation, 
and two under the federal constitution, in 1796 being in 
low health he declined standing candidate for a reelection 
to congress. But September the first the same year he 
received a commission as Judge of Probate for the 
county of Essex, which he accepted, and resigned his seat 
at the council board. The arduous duties of that office 
he continued to perform to general satisfaction, till admon- 



S4 

ishcd by the infirmities of age of the expediency of relin- 
quishing all public business. Having nearly completed 
nineteen years, on May 10th, 1815, he in due form resign- 
ed the office,* and spent his few remaining months in 
contemplative retirement. 

Forty seven years he served his country in public sta- 
tion ; a period that comprised one of the most extraordi- 
nary revolutions the world had ever witnessed. Patriotism 
warmed his heart, and his feelings uniformly sympathized 
"with the aspect of public affairs ; but not even in the 
darkest season did he despair. The righteousness of the 
cause in which lie was engaged, and dependence on heaven 
for success supported him. Integrity, fidelity, and per- 
severance were prominent features in his character ; a 
noble rectitude of heart marked his judicial proceedings ; 
and never did he sacrifice the public good to private 
emolument. Skilled in human nature and the art of gov^- 
ernment, he rendered his country eminent services. What- 
ever station he filled, he was all attention to its duties, 
and remarkably punctual to his engagements. 

Goodness and usefulness characterize true greatness. 
Thousands figure on the stage in affluence and grandeur, 
and live to eat, and drink, and enjoy high life, but do the 
world no real good. Judge Holten affected no parade of 
living, but chose a truly republican style. He lived to be 
useful ; and being ever ready to counsel, advise and assist, 
he was si favorite of the people. The charm of popularity 
he felt in full force, nor was he insensible to the love of 
fame. No man possessed more ambition to please, and 
few had a happier talent. His heart was alive to the 
tender sympathies of humanity. Formed *' to feel anoth- 
er's wo," objects of distress, the widow's sigh, and or- 
phan's tear contained a rhetoric he could not resist. He 
was the poor man's friend ; and his hand was open to the 
relief of misery and indigence. 

* Sec the Appendix. 



Nor was he a brighter example of the public, than of 
the pricate and domestic virtues. Who was ever a more 
affectionate husband, a kinder parent, or more studiously 
attentive to consult the convenience and promote the hap- 
piness of every branch of family connexion ? And his 
affability, urbanity, and instructive conversation endeared 
him to his numerous friends. 

But piety is the consummation of human character. We 
should leave his memory under a cloud, did we forget to 
notice the uniform regard he paid through life to God and 
divine things. Blessed with pious parental instructions, 
bis mind became serious at an early period. He was 
universally esteemed an exemplary youth. At tlie age of 
seventeen he joined a religious Society of young people in 
this place, and was a zealous promoter of it. Before he 
had attained twenty one years, he was admitted a member 
of this church ; and amidst the greatest multiplicity and 
pressure of business, he manifested a sacred veneration for 
divine institutions. Whether at home or abroad, he was 
the same constant attender upon public worship and ordi- 
nances, notwithstanding the disadvantage under which he 
laboured of hearing but a part of the services ; and he 
shone a pattern of family devotion. The cause and inter- 
ests of religion he ever patronised, seeking the peace and 
prosperity of the church as faithfully as of the state. Tlie 
sacred scriptures he searched for himself, and did not hes- 
itate to declare, that the distinguishing doctrines of grace, 
revealed in the gospel, met the approbation of his heart. 
He was not ashamed of a crucified Savior ; but he was no 
friend to bigotry, superstition, or religious enthusiasm. 
Catholic in his sentiments, he embraced in t!ie arms of 
charity the pious and good of every denomination, wherev- 
er found. 

Having filled up a long life with intense application to 
business and extensive utility, the load of years and decay 
4 



£6 

of nature pvemonished liim of apjjvoaching dissolutiou. 
Nor was the closing scene of his days less instructive than 
liis active life. The last words of friends are precious. 
During the course of his illness, he appeared impressed 
with a grateful sense of the goodness of God through the 
various periods and changes he had passed. Particularly 
lie observed, that it was a hapi)y circumstance that his 
mind was settled in religion before he was called abroad 
in the world ; otherwise, meeting with so many avocations 
and mixing with such different companies, he should have 
been in danger of remaining unprincipled all his days. 
Finding him at a certain time deep in contemplation, he 
informed me that he had been taking a retrospective view 
of his public life, and felt the satisfaction of an approving 
conscience ; a conscience testifying, that he had invaria- 
bly sought his country's good ; that he had never perverted 
or abused the power with which he was intrusted : and 
that he had in no instance, either in the great aifairs of 
state, or in the judicial department, knowingly and inten- 
tionally given his voice wrong. Many mistakes, he added, 
he had no doubt committed ; but they were errours of the 
judgment, not of the will ; for he thought at the time he 
was doing right. Hut still he expressed a humiliating 
sense of personal guilt and un worthiness in the sight of a 
God of infinite purity and perfection, and gloried in noth- 
ing " save .lesus Christ, and him crucified." 

Generally his mind was serene and cheerful ; but hav- 
ing through life been exercised with doubts and fears, no 
wonder, as the close drew near, that he had his dark as 
well as bright seasons. The fear of death is a natural 
passion. Death is the king of terrours, and a terrour to 
kings. Anticipating the solemnities of the change, he was 
at times almost overwhelmed at the prospect. Feeling his 
situation as a dying man, and expressing a realizing ap- 
prehension of a just opening eternity, an uncommon de- 



pression of spirits was observed. To revive his lieart. the 
great christian atonement was mentionetl. " O," replied 
he, " that is the foundation of all my hopes. The world 
is nothini^ ; the pomp and honors of the world are nothing. 
Heaven is all ; religion is all my comfort." Afterwards, 
expecting soon to make the great experiment, he said, 
^* Death is no terrour." And thus he declared his resig- 
nation, '* 1 have no will but God's.'' Amidst all the 
distress of nature, during a few days previous to his de- 
parture he continued in a very happy frame. Were we 
to judge from his strong and fervent expressions, we should 
be ready to conclude, that a beam of glory opened on his 
soul, irradiated death's dark valley, dispelled gloom from 
the grave, and brightened to the eye of his faith the coming 
world. Manifesting an exalted apprehension of the joys 
and glories of heaven, he longed " to be absent from the 
body and to be present with the Lord," and breathed out 
life in an assured hope of a blessed and glorious immor- 
tality. 

Thus lived and thus died the honorable Judge Holten, 
in a good old age, full in the faith of the christian religion. 
Behold his mortal remains shrouded in the habiliments of 
the grave. Death has closed his eyes, and sealed his lips 
in perpetual silence. What a humiliating comment on 
liuman frailty and terrestrial glory ! With what empliasis 
does this admonitory providence bring home our subject 
to our hearts ! Who but must self-appropriate the most 
solemn and interesting reflections ? But though we mourn, 
we rejoice in the hope that our loss is his gain. While 
we commit '^^ dust to dust," charity contemplates his de- 
parted spirit ascended to purer regions, and exalted to a 
more dignified station and sublimer employments than this 
Vv'orld affords. 

With the bereaved family^ the surviving daughter and 
grand -children, would we mingle tears of condolence. 



The tide of grief will flow ; may it soften the heart, and 
prepare it for heavenly instruction. Blessed with so 
good a parent, a thousand endearments must rise upon 
reflection. Long have you enjoyed the high privilege of 
his unremitting attention, judicious counsel and advice, 
amiable example, and prayers. May they leave impres- 
sions never to be erased. In the daily recollection, hear 
Mm still speak. Convinced of the rectitude and wisdom 
of tlie divine administration, humbly acquiesce in the 
sovereign disposals of providence. What God does must 
be riglit. The language of our Lord ever becomes the 
Christian, " Not my will, but thine be done." lieligioB 
yields the best supports and consolations in a day of 
trouble ; and sanctiiied afflictions are preferable to unsanc- 
tified mercies. Though the streams fail, the fountain 
remains. Your heavenly Father lives ; and you cannot 
lose so much in earthly friends, but you may find infinitely 
more in him. As your attachments to this world lessen, 
let your hearts centre on the Supreme Good. Exemplify 
the christian mourner, and with redoubled zeal fulfil the 
duties of life and prepare to follow. Would you embalm 
Ills memory? Reduce to practice every good precept his 
affectionate heart inculcated, and by transcribing his vir- 
tues, may they still live, and shine, and bless the world in 
you. His dying charge, his parting blessing, his last 
farewell remember, till you meet him in heaven. 

O could the bands of death be loosened, and he be per- 
mitted for a moment to address Ids beloved country, with 
supplicating eye to Heaven to take these United States 
into divine protection, would he not say, ^ Fellow citizens, 
preserve your rights and liberties entire, which cost so 
much blood and treasure, and transmit them as an invalu- 
able legacy to future generations. Maintain inviolate 
your Federal Constitution, that most excellent bond of 
union, that the world may know there was once virtue 



29 

enough on earth to perpetuate a republican form of gov- 
ernment. And as such a system depends more immedi- 
ately upon the morals and habits of the people, would you 
enjoy the benefits resulting from it, cherish public virtue^ 
sacredly observe the religious institutions of Christianity, 
guard against anarchy and despotism, and adhere strictly 
to the principles upon which the national compact is 
founded.' 

To the few surviving patriotic fathers, who were his 
associates as principal Agents in accomplishing the late 
American revolution, and indeed to all in the several de- 
partments of public life in which he was called to officiate, 
his knell sounds the alarm of mortality, and proclaims a 
solemn summons to preparation. 

Brethren of this town, and particularly of this religious 
society, in the death of this ivorthy citizen you have lost a 
valuable friend, a peace maker, an able counsellor, and 
one who felt a peculiar pleasure in advancing both your 
individual and municipal interests. His faithful attention 
to your pecuniary aflfairs, his long continued services, and 
the regularity of his proceedings justly entitled him to the 
grateful acknowledgment you so respectfully tendered 
him. Considering his legal acquirements and judicial 
experience, long will his decisions and advice be recol- 
lected, and his records adverted to as precedents of re- 
spectable authority. 

The Chuj'ch in this place, of which he was an exem' 
flary member more than fifty six years, must very sensi- 
bly feel and lament the afflictive bereavement. He was a 
firm jnllar in this our Zion. The cause of God, and the 
increase and happiness of the church laid near his heart. 
Nothing but real indisposition and absolute necessity could 
prevent his attendance on divine ordinances. Communion 
seasons were peculiarly pleasant and reviving to his souL 
With what reverential gravity did he appear at the sacra- 



mental tabic ! And liow deep and lasting were the im- 
pressions which he acknowledged the memorials of a Sa- 
vior's dying love sometimes left upon his mind ! But 
these " times of refreshing" return no more. Behold his 
seat vacated ! No more will he unite with us in that gos- 
pel feast. O that the Great Head of the church would 
repair the breaches death has of late made among us ! 
Admonished by his departure^ let us *' remember from 
whence we are fallen, and repent, and do the first works ; 
be watchful, and strengthen the things which remain, that 
are ready to die ; for our works are not found perfect 
before God ;" and keep our lamps trimmed and burning, 
being ever in a waiting posture, that when our Lord Com- 
eth, we may give up our accounts with joy, and join the 
'"■ Church of the first born, w hich are written in heaven,'' 
in an everlasting banquet of love. 

But the voice of j^rovidence is not confined ; the instruc- 
tions it affords are of universal extent and moment. To 
sense, to unassisted reason and human philosophy, death 
is a " leap in the dark," and futurity lies wrapt in uncer- 
tainty. Without a divine revelation, ^^ the world to come" 
is all imagination and conjecture. The dim light of na- 
ture is unable absolutely to ascertain another life after 
this, and point out to man the true path to happiness. But 
blessed be God, we are not left in such a bewildered state. 
The gospel penetrates the regions of moral darkness, and 
brings life and immortality to light. There we read an 
atoning Savior, and a sin-forgiving God, The present we 
are taught to view^ as a probationary, the future as a re- 
tributory state. While it teaches the necessity of a hum- 
hie penitent temper and an efficient frinciple of faith in 
Jesus, it ensures eternal life as the gift of God and gra- 
cious reward of evangelical piety and virtue. This is the. 
state of our minority ; the life to come is the great object 
of our existence. What our lot and portion in this w orld 



31 

are, is a trivial circumstance ; what we shall be hereafter 
is the grand question. While our holy religion inculcates 
a sublime devotion and diifusive benevolence, it refines 
and exalts the standard of moral principle and virtuous 
action. Would we secure the blessings the gospel prom- 
ises, let us cordially accede to the gracious terms it pro- 
poses. Then, when we shall have completed our labours 
and trials in this small province of Jehovah's vast domin- 
ion, we shall in some more extensive sphere of usefulness 
forever ascend in the scale of dignity and blissful enjoy- 
ment. From this land of the dying, we shall go to the 
land of the living, and be forever with the Lord. How 
pleasing the hope of meeting pious departed friends in 
heaven ! How reviving the assurance Christianity gives 
of a resurrection to eternal life for all the pious dead ! 
May we all live like Christians ; may we die like Chris- 
tians, and inherit the Christian's glorious crown. 

To conclude in the memorable words of an inspired 
penman, " I heard a voice from heaven, saying unto me. 
Write, Blessed are the dead, which die in the Lord, from 
henceforth ; Yea, saith the Spirit, that they may rest from 
their labours ; and their works dofolloiv them." 



APPENBIX, 



The following letter from his Excellency Caleb Strong 
the Honorable Samuel Holten received iipoyi his resig- 
nation of the office of Judge of Probate. 

Boston, May 10, 1815. 
Dear Sir, 

I HAVE just received your letter of the 5th instant, in which, 
from and after this day, you resign the office of Judge of Probate 
for the county of Essex. The resignation, having been commu- 
nicated to the Council, was, by their advice, accepted. 

By your long and faithful services in various and important 
stations, as well legislative as judicial, of which on many occa- 
sions I have myself been a witness, you are entitled to the grate- 
ful respect of your fellow citizens ; and I am happy to express 
to you their acknowledgments. I have no doubt that the review 
of your public life will afford you much satisfaction, and hope 
that the evening of your days will be tranquil and happy. 

I am, Sir, with sincere esteem and respect, 

your most obedient servant, 

CALEB STRONG. 

Hon. Judge Holten. 



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